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Mucin-type O-glycosylation is critical for vascular integrity
Vascular endothelial cells, in addition to many other mammalian cell types, express proteins that are highly modified with mucin-type O-glycosylation, a specific type of glycosylation that begins with the addition of an N-acetylgalactosamine moiety to serine or threonine residues within the peptide backbone. Recently, it has become evident that O-glycosylation governs the separation of blood and lymphatic vessels throughout life and plays a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity in specific tissues such as the brain and lymph node. This mini-review seeks to highlight some of these recent advances regarding in vivo...
Source: Glycobiology - October 28, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Herzog, B. H., Fu, J., Xia, L. Tags: SPECIAL ISSUE - REVIEWS ON GLYCANS IN VASCULAR BIOLOGY Source Type: research
Activated mineralocorticoid receptor regulates micro-RNA-29b in vascular smooth muscle cells Research Communication
Inappropriately activated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a risk factor for vascular remodeling with unclear molecular mechanism. Recent findings suggest that post-transcriptional regulation by micro-RNAs (miRs) may be involved. Our aim was to search for MR-dependent miRs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism and the pathologic relevance. We detected that aldosterone via the MR reduces miR-29b in vivo in murine aorta and in human primary and cultured VSMCs (ED50 = 0.07 nM) but not in endothelial cells [quantitative PCR (qPCR), luciferase assays]. This effect was mediat...
Source: FASEB Journal - March 30, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Bretschneider, M., Busch, B., Mueller, D., Nolze, A., Schreier, B., Gekle, M., Grossmann, C. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research
A spatial model of the efficiency of T cell search in the influenza-infected lung
Publication date: 7 June 2016 Source:Journal of Theoretical Biology, Volume 398 Author(s): Drew Levin, Stephanie Forrest, Soumya Banerjee, Candice Clay, Judy Cannon, Melanie Moses, Frederick Koster Emerging strains of influenza, such as avian H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1, are more virulent than seasonal H1N1 influenza, yet the underlying mechanisms for these differences are not well understood. Subtle differences in how a given strain interacts with the immune system are likely a key factor in determining virulence. One aspect of the interaction is the ability of T cells to locate the foci of the infection in time ...
Source: Journal of Theoretical Biology - March 28, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A guide to area-restricted search: a foundational foraging behaviour
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2022 Jul 12. doi: 10.1111/brv.12883. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTArea-restricted search is the capacity to change search effort adaptively in response to resource encounters or expectations, from directional exploration (global, extensive search) to focused exploitation (local, intensive search). This search pattern is used by numerous organisms, from worms and insects to humans, to find various targets, such as food, mates, nests, and other resources. Area-restricted search has been studied for at least 80 years by ecologists, and more recently in the neurological and psychological literature. ...
Source: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society - July 13, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Arik Dorfman Thomas T Hills Inon Scharf Source Type: research
The effect of income support programs on job search, workplace mobility and COVID-19: International evidence
This study examines the effect of Income Support Programs (ISPs) on job search effort, work- place mobility, COVID-19 cases, and mortality growth rates. To identify ISPs' causal effect, I use the variation in their introductions' timing across countries and implement a difference-in-difference and multi-event analysis method. I find that ISPs led to a 4.4-8.29 percentage points reduction in workplace mobility and a 6.6-11.6 percentage points reduction in job search effort levels. They also caused a 21.8-47.7 and 17.1-29.7 percentage points reduction in the COVID-19 case growth rate and COVID-19 mortality growth rates, resp...
Source: Economics and Human Biology - April 4, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Abraham Abebe Asfaw Source Type: research
